What phenomenon is demonstrated in the experiment by Rosenthal and Jacobsen regarding the impact of expectations on performance?

The phenomenon demonstrated in the experiment by Rosenthal and Jacobsen is known as the Pygmalion Effect. This concept refers to the idea that higher expectations from teachers or authority figures can lead to an improvement in performance among individuals, particularly students. In their study, Rosenthal and Jacobsen showed that when teachers were led to believe that certain students had greater potential for academic success, those students indeed performed better compared to their peers. This effect highlights how the expectations set by adults can influence the outcomes in the educational context, revealing the powerful role of social influences and expectations on individual performance.

The Pygmalion Effect is particularly significant because it underscores the importance of positive reinforcement and belief in potential, suggesting that fostering a supportive and expectation-filled environment can enhance learning and achievement.