What effect is demonstrated when groups make decisions that are riskier than the individuals would make alone?

Group polarization occurs when a group discussion leads members to adopt more extreme positions than they initially held, often resulting in riskier decisions than any individual might choose on their own. This phenomenon can be attributed to several psychological factors. When individuals discuss their views with like-minded others, they tend to become more confident in their opinions and may push each other toward more extreme stances. The group dynamic can amplify feelings of camaraderie and validation, leading members to take greater risks collectively.

In contrast, deindividuation refers to the loss of self-awareness in group situations, which may lead to uninhibited behavior but does not specifically account for the riskier decision-making process. Social loafing describes the tendency for individuals to exert less effort when working in a group compared to working alone, which is not directly related to risk-taking in decisions. Compliance involves yielding to social pressure or authority, which likewise does not focus on the group’s decision-making tendencies regarding risk.

Thus, the phenomenon of groups often opting for riskier choices than individuals would alone is best captured by the concept of group polarization.